A hierarchy of evidence (or levels of evidence) is a heuristic used to rank the relative strength of results obtained from scientific research. I've created a version of this chart/pyramid applied to CRO which you can see below. It contains the options we have as optimizers and tools and methods we often use to gather data.
See Wikipedia for more explanation about the scientific use of a hierarchy of evidence.
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Recently I've seen some (often absolute) statements going around, generally in the line of "open source commerce platforms are a terrible idea". Now of course different solutions always have different pros and cons.
Interview with me about being selected as a Magento Master. Recorded at Magento Imagine Las Vegas in March 2019, published on https://magento.com/blog/technical/magento-masters-spotlight-guido-jansen on January 8th 2020.